typedef struct FT_GlyphRec_*  FT_Glyph;

Handle to an object used to model generic glyph images. It is a pointer to the FT_GlyphRec structure and can contain a glyph bitmap or pointer.

Glyph objects are not owned by the library. You must thus release them manually (through FT_Done_Glyph) before calling FT_Done_FreeType.

  typedef struct  FT_GlyphRec_
  {
    FT_Library             library;
    const FT_Glyph_Class*  clazz;
    FT_Glyph_Format        format;
    FT_Vector              advance;

  } FT_GlyphRec;

The root glyph structure contains a given glyph image plus its advance width in 16.16 fixed float format.

  typedef struct FT_BitmapGlyphRec_*  FT_BitmapGlyph;

A handle to an object used to model a bitmap glyph image. This is a sub-class of FT_Glyph, and a pointer to FT_BitmapGlyphRec.

  typedef struct  FT_BitmapGlyphRec_
  {
    FT_GlyphRec  root;
    FT_Int       left;
    FT_Int       top;
    FT_Bitmap    bitmap;

  } FT_BitmapGlyphRec;

A structure used for bitmap glyph images. This really is a ‘sub-class’ of FT_GlyphRec.

You can typecast an FT_Glyph to FT_BitmapGlyph if you have ‘glyph->format == FT_GLYPH_FORMAT_BITMAP’. This lets you access the bitmap's contents easily.

The corresponding pixel buffer is always owned by FT_BitmapGlyph and is thus created and destroyed with it.

  typedef struct FT_OutlineGlyphRec_*  FT_OutlineGlyph;

A handle to an object used to model an outline glyph image. This is a sub-class of FT_Glyph, and a pointer to FT_OutlineGlyphRec.

  typedef struct  FT_OutlineGlyphRec_
  {
    FT_GlyphRec  root;
    FT_Outline   outline;

  } FT_OutlineGlyphRec;

A structure used for outline (vectorial) glyph images. This really is a ‘sub-class’ of FT_GlyphRec.

You can typecast an FT_Glyph to FT_OutlineGlyph if you have ‘glyph->format == FT_GLYPH_FORMAT_OUTLINE’. This lets you access the outline's content easily.

As the outline is extracted from a glyph slot, its coordinates are expressed normally in 26.6 pixels, unless the flag FT_LOAD_NO_SCALE was used in FT_Load_Glyph() or FT_Load_Char().

The outline's tables are always owned by the object and are destroyed with it.

  FT_EXPORT( FT_Error )
  FT_Get_Glyph( FT_GlyphSlot  slot,
                FT_Glyph     *aglyph );

A function used to extract a glyph image from a slot. Note that the created FT_Glyph object must be released with FT_Done_Glyph.

FreeType error code. 0 means success.

  FT_EXPORT( FT_Error )
  FT_Glyph_Copy( FT_Glyph   source,
                 FT_Glyph  *target );

A function used to copy a glyph image. Note that the created FT_Glyph object must be released with FT_Done_Glyph.

FreeType error code. 0 means success.

  FT_EXPORT( FT_Error )
  FT_Glyph_Transform( FT_Glyph    glyph,
                      FT_Matrix*  matrix,
                      FT_Vector*  delta );

Transform a glyph image if its format is scalable.

FreeType error code (if not 0, the glyph format is not scalable).

The 2x2 transformation matrix is also applied to the glyph's advance vector.

  typedef enum  FT_Glyph_BBox_Mode_
  {
    FT_GLYPH_BBOX_UNSCALED  = 0,
    FT_GLYPH_BBOX_SUBPIXELS = 0,
    FT_GLYPH_BBOX_GRIDFIT   = 1,
    FT_GLYPH_BBOX_TRUNCATE  = 2,
    FT_GLYPH_BBOX_PIXELS    = 3

  } FT_Glyph_BBox_Mode;

The mode how the values of FT_Glyph_Get_CBox are returned.

#define ft_glyph_bbox_unscaled   FT_GLYPH_BBOX_UNSCALED
#define ft_glyph_bbox_subpixels  FT_GLYPH_BBOX_SUBPIXELS
#define ft_glyph_bbox_gridfit    FT_GLYPH_BBOX_GRIDFIT
#define ft_glyph_bbox_truncate   FT_GLYPH_BBOX_TRUNCATE
#define ft_glyph_bbox_pixels     FT_GLYPH_BBOX_PIXELS

These constants are deprecated. Use the corresponding FT_Glyph_BBox_Mode values instead.

  FT_EXPORT( void )
  FT_Glyph_Get_CBox( FT_Glyph  glyph,
                     FT_UInt   bbox_mode,
                     FT_BBox  *acbox );

Return a glyph's ‘control box’. The control box encloses all the outline's points, including Bézier control points. Though it coincides with the exact bounding box for most glyphs, it can be slightly larger in some situations (like when rotating an outline which contains Bézier outside arcs).

Computing the control box is very fast, while getting the bounding box can take much more time as it needs to walk over all segments and arcs in the outline. To get the latter, you can use the ‘ftbbox’ component which is dedicated to this single task.

Coordinates are relative to the glyph origin, using the y upwards convention.

If the glyph has been loaded with FT_LOAD_NO_SCALE, ‘bbox_mode’ must be set to FT_GLYPH_BBOX_UNSCALED to get unscaled font units in 26.6 pixel format. The value FT_GLYPH_BBOX_SUBPIXELS is another name for this constant.

If the font is tricky and the glyph has been loaded with FT_LOAD_NO_SCALE, the resulting CBox is meaningless. To get reasonable values for the CBox it is necessary to load the glyph at a large ppem value (so that the hinting instructions can properly shift and scale the subglyphs), then extracting the CBox which can be eventually converted back to font units.

Note that the maximum coordinates are exclusive, which means that one can compute the width and height of the glyph image (be it in integer or 26.6 pixels) as:

  width  = bbox.xMax - bbox.xMin;                                  
  height = bbox.yMax - bbox.yMin;                                  

Note also that for 26.6 coordinates, if ‘bbox_mode’ is set to FT_GLYPH_BBOX_GRIDFIT, the coordinates will also be grid-fitted, which corresponds to:

  bbox.xMin = FLOOR(bbox.xMin);                                    
  bbox.yMin = FLOOR(bbox.yMin);                                    
  bbox.xMax = CEILING(bbox.xMax);                                  
  bbox.yMax = CEILING(bbox.yMax);                                  

To get the bbox in pixel coordinates, set ‘bbox_mode’ to FT_GLYPH_BBOX_TRUNCATE.

To get the bbox in grid-fitted pixel coordinates, set ‘bbox_mode’ to FT_GLYPH_BBOX_PIXELS.

  FT_EXPORT( FT_Error )
  FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap( FT_Glyph*       the_glyph,
                      FT_Render_Mode  render_mode,
                      FT_Vector*      origin,
                      FT_Bool         destroy );

Convert a given glyph object to a bitmap glyph object.

FreeType error code. 0 means success.

This function does nothing if the glyph format isn't scalable.

The glyph image is translated with the ‘origin’ vector before rendering.

The first parameter is a pointer to an FT_Glyph handle, that will be replaced by this function (with newly allocated data). Typically, you would use (omitting error handling):

  FT_Glyph        glyph;                                         
  FT_BitmapGlyph  glyph_bitmap;                                  
                                                                 
                                                                 
  // load glyph                                                  
  error = FT_Load_Char( face, glyph_index, FT_LOAD_DEFAUT );     
                                                                 
  // extract glyph image                                         
  error = FT_Get_Glyph( face->glyph, &glyph );                   
                                                                 
  // convert to a bitmap (default render mode + destroying old)  
  if ( glyph->format != FT_GLYPH_FORMAT_BITMAP )                 
  {                                                              
    error = FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap( &glyph, FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL,   
                                0, 1 );                          
    if ( error ) // `glyph' unchanged                            
      ...                                                        
  }                                                              
                                                                 
  // access bitmap content by typecasting                        
  glyph_bitmap = (FT_BitmapGlyph)glyph;                          
                                                                 
  // do funny stuff with it, like blitting/drawing               
  ...                                                            
                                                                 
  // discard glyph image (bitmap or not)                         
  FT_Done_Glyph( glyph );                                        

Here another example, again without error handling:

  FT_Glyph  glyphs[MAX_GLYPHS]                                   
                                                                 
                                                                 
  ...                                                            
                                                                 
  for ( idx = 0; i < MAX_GLYPHS; i++ )                           
    error = FT_Load_Glyph( face, idx, FT_LOAD_DEFAULT ) ||       
            FT_Get_Glyph ( face->glyph, &glyph[idx] );           
                                                                 
  ...                                                            
                                                                 
  for ( idx = 0; i < MAX_GLYPHS; i++ )                           
  {                                                              
    FT_Glyph  bitmap = glyphs[idx];                              
                                                                 
                                                                 
    ...                                                          
                                                                 
    // after this call, `bitmap' no longer points into           
    // the `glyphs' array (and the old value isn't destroyed)    
    FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap( &bitmap, FT_RENDER_MODE_MONO, 0, 0 );    
                                                                 
    ...                                                          
                                                                 
    FT_Done_Glyph( bitmap );                                     
  }                                                              
                                                                 
  ...                                                            
                                                                 
  for ( idx = 0; i < MAX_GLYPHS; i++ )                           
    FT_Done_Glyph( glyphs[idx] );                                

  FT_EXPORT( void )
  FT_Done_Glyph( FT_Glyph  glyph );

Destroy a given glyph.